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Human Reproduction Update Advance Access originally published online on November 9, 2005
Human Reproduction Update 2006 12(3):209-232; doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi048
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

HLA-G in human reproduction: aspects of genetics, function and pregnancy complications

Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and H:S Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Roskilde University Hospital, 7–13 Køgevej, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. E-mail: hviid{at}dadlnet.dk

Submitted on July 29, 2005; revised on September 27, 2005; accepted on October 4, 2005

The non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib genes, HLA-E, -G and -F, are located on chromosome 6 in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). HLA class Ib antigens resemble the HLA class Ia antigens in many ways, but several major differences have been described. This review will, in particular, discuss HLA-G and its role in human reproduction and in the human MHC. HLA-G seems to be important in the modulation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy and thereby the maternal acceptance of the semiallogenic fetus. Recent findings regarding aspects of HLA-G polymorphism, the possible significance of this polymorphism in respect to HLA-G function and certain complications of pregnancy (such as pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA)) are discussed together with possible importance to IVF. Finally, aspects of a possible role of HLA-G in organ transplantation and in inflammatory or autoimmune disease, and of HLA-G in an evolutionary context, are also briefly examined.

Key words: gene expression / immunology / implantation / pregnancy / trophoblasts


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