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Human Reproduction Update, Vol.5, No.6 pp.707-720, 1999
© European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 1999; all rights reserved

The transnational study on oral contraceptives and the health of young women. Methods, results, new analyses and the healthy user effect

MA Lewis0

EPES Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology, and Systems Research, Berlin, the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA European Institute for Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, UK 0 Corresponding address: EPES Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Systems Research GmbH, Wulffstr. 8, D-12165 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

The results of the Transnational study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women studies are reviewed, potential biases shown, and new analyses are presented. The initial finding was a slight increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) when users of third generation OC (containing the progestins desogestrel and gestodene) were compared with users of older (second generation) OC [odds ratio (OR) of 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0, 2.1]. In order to account for potential biases in the study, new analyses were performed. A quadratic spline technique comparing first users of OC with never-users found that risk of VTE is highest in the first year of OC use, but showed no difference between the two generations of OC upon adjustment. An analysis of new dataset which now included full information on the past exposure history of all study subjects with a Cox regression model with time-dependent covariates produced an OR of 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) for the comparison of current users of third generation OC with current users of second generation OC. The results of the new analyses with more refined techniques and with an enhanced dataset which includes data collected on the past exposures of all study subjects indicates that bias, particularly that introduced by healthy user cohorts, accounts for the results initially shown for VTE within the Transnational Study.

Key words: case-control study/epidemiology/oral contraceptives/Transnational study/venous thromboembolism


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J. M Kemmeren, A. Algra, and D. E Grobbee
Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thrombosis: meta-analysis
BMJ, July 21, 2001; 323(7305): 131 - 131.
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