Human Reproduction Update, Vol.6, No.3 pp.290-300, 2000
© European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2000; all rights reserved
Leptin and reproduction
behbebec Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Hospital ‘San Borja Arriaran’, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, PO Box 226–3, Santiago, Chile, behdebhf Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), Valencia University, School of Medicine, Spain, behcddgj Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Woodville, South Australia, and behgjdcg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Received on March 1, 1999; accepted on March 6, 2000
Abstract
Leptin, the product of the obgene, is a small peptide molecule synthesized by white adipocytes with an important role in the regulation of body fat and food intake. Leptin and leptin receptor mRNA were first detected in the brain and hypothalamus but now their ubiquitous presence has been demonstrated. Leptin receptor signal transduction involves the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, a member of the transcription family of proteins. Leptin is regulated by hormones and cytokines, interleukin-1, tumour necrosis factor- and transforming growth factor-, linking this molecule with the inflammatory response. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated that this molecule is related to reproductive function. This small protein is present in the ovary and decidua, in mature oocytes and during embryonic development and trophoblast invasion. Animal models have demonstrated that leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are sterile; however, fertility can be restored by exogenous leptin. In addition, embryos implanted in STAT-3-deficient mice degenerate rapidly and are the target disruption of STAT-3-provoked embryonic lethality. Leptin acts as a novel placental hormone participating in the control of fetal growth and development. Leptin could be a modulator for invasive features of cytotrophoblast cells. We postulate that leptin may have an autocrine/paracrine role in human implantation and placentation.
Key words: cytokines/ / human reproduction/ / leptin/ / leptin reception/ / regulation
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