Human Reproduction Update, Vol.6, No.5 pp.432-441, 2000
© European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2000; all rights reserved
Infections in IVF: review and guidelines
1 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
To whom correspondence should be addressed at: S. R Steyaert , Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Tel: +32 9 240 34 22; Fax: +32 9 240 4985; e-mail: sophia.steyaert{at}rug.ac.be
Abstract
Since the inception of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), questions about contamination and the transmission of infection have been raised. In this review, screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, as well as medical and ethical considerations on IVF in couples infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are discussed. IVF is not contraindicated in case of HBV or HCV infection, but the decision is far more delicate in case of HIV infection. If donor gametes or embryos are used, prevention of infectious disease transmission resides in accurate donor selection, including screening for C. trachomatis, HIV, HBV, cytomegalovirus and Treponema pallidum. In the embryology laboratory, microbial contamination of the IVF system deserves attention, and can be prevented by using sterile technique and supplementing culture media with screened sera or serum substitutes and antibiotics. Persons whose biological material is to be cryopreserved should be screened for HBV, HCV and HIV, and separate containers should be used for infected and non-infected material. Finally, transmission of infectious diseases to laboratory personnel can be prevented by adherence to strict safety guidelines, wearing of protective clothing, HBV vaccination, prohibition of mouth pipetting, and developing a plan for the disposal of bio-hazardous material.
Key words: biosafety / contamination / ethics / IVF / screening
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