Human Reproduction Update, Vol.6, No.6 pp.578-586, 2000
© European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2000; all rights reserved
Long-term effects on offspring of intrauterine exposure to deficits in nutrition
1 Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Clive J. Petry, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1223 336784; Fax: +44 (0)1223 330598; e-mail: cjp1002{at}cam.ac.uk
Abstract
The number of cell divisions during embryonic and fetal life makes the embryo/fetus particularly vulnerable to effects resulting from exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment. Exposure to drugs and irradiation at this stage of development are able to cause congenital malformations and various cancers in later life. In-utero exposure to hyperglycaemia is able to lead to future diabetes that is heritable, but not genetic in origin. Fetal malnutrition causing growth restriction is able to lead to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease in later life, especially if the growth restriction is followed by catch-up growth postnatally. This review discusses the various mechanisms by which these effects may occur, and presents the difficulties that will have to be faced if their world-wide health burdens are to be reduced.
Key words: diabetes / growth / malnutrition / obesity / programming
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. Zambrano, C. J. Bautista, M. Deas, P. M. Martinez-Samayoa, M. Gonzalez-Zamorano, H. Ledesma, J. Morales, F. Larrea, and P. W. Nathanielsz A low maternal protein diet during pregnancy and lactation has sex- and window of exposure-specific effects on offspring growth and food intake, glucose metabolism and serum leptin in the rat J. Physiol., February 15, 2006; 571(1): 221 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Zambrano, P. M Martinez-Samayoa, C. J Bautista, M Deas, L Guillen, G. L Rodriguez-Gonzalez, C Guzman, F Larrea, and P. W Nathanielsz Sex differences in transgenerational alterations of growth and metabolism in progeny (F2) of female offspring (F1) of rats fed a low protein diet during pregnancy and lactation J. Physiol., July 1, 2005; 566(1): 225 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Starr, L. Hsu, and S. M. Schwartz Performance of the Log-Linear Approach to Case-Parent Triad Data for Assessing Maternal Genetic Associations with Offspring Disease: Type I Error, Power, and Bias Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2005; 161(2): 196 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Mone, M. W. Gillman, T. L. Miller, E. H. Herman, and S. E. Lipshultz Effects of Environmental Exposures on the Cardiovascular System: Prenatal Period Through Adolescence Pediatrics, April 1, 2004; 113(4/S1): 1058 - 1069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Innes, T. E. Byers, J. A. Marshall, A. Baron, M. Orleans, and R. F. Hamman Association of a Woman's Own Birth Weight with Her Subsequent Risk for Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2003; 158(9): 861 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Innes, T. E. Byers, J. A. Marshall, A. Baron, M. Orleans, and R. F. Hamman Association of a Woman's Own Birth Weight With Subsequent Risk for Gestational Diabetes JAMA, May 15, 2002; 287(19): 2534 - 2541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|