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Human Reproduction Update Advance Access originally published online on August 6, 2008
Human Reproduction Update 2008 14(6):563-570; doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn034
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The influence of the number of follicles on pregnancy rates in intrauterine insemination with ovarian stimulation: a meta-analysis

M.M.E. van Rumste1,4, I.M. Custers2, F. van der Veen2, M. van Wely2, J.L.H. Evers3 and B.W.J. Mol1,2

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, De Run 4600, PO Box 7777, 5500 MB Veldhoven, NL, The Netherlands 2 Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

4 Correspondence address. Tel: +31-40-8888385; Fax: +31-40-8888387. E-mail: m.vanrumste{at}mmc.nl

BACKGROUND: The influence of multifollicular growth on pregnancy rates in subfertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) remained unclear.

METHODS: Relevant papers were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was performed and Mantel–Haenszel pooled odd ratios (ORs) and risk differences with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to express the relation between the number of follicles and pregnancy rates.

RESULTS: We included 14 studies reporting on 11 599 cycles. The absolute pregnancy rate was 8.4% for monofollicular and 15% for multifollicular growth. The pooled OR for pregnancy after two follicles as compared with monofollicular growth was 1.6 (99% CI 1.3–2.0), whereas for three and four follicles, this was 2.0 and 2.0, respectively. Compared with monofollicular growth, pregnancy rates increased by 5, 8 and 8% when stimulating two, three and four follicles. The pooled OR for multiple pregnancies after two follicles was 1.7 (99% CI 0.8–3.6), whereas for three and four follicles this was 2.8 and 2.3, respectively. The risk of multiple pregnancies after two, three and four follicles increased by 6, 14 and 10%. The absolute rate of multiple pregnancies was 0.3% after monofollicular and 2.8% after multifollicular growth.

CONCLUSIONS: Multifollicular growth is associated with increased pregnancy rates in IUI with COH. Since in cycles with three or four follicles the multiple pregnancy rate increased without substantial gain in overall pregnancy rate, IUI with COH should not aim for more than two follicles. One stimulated follicle should be the goal if safety is the primary concern, whereas two follicles may be accepted after careful patient counselling.

Key words: follicle number / intrauterine insemination / ovarian stimulation / pregnancy rate / systematic review

Received on August 21, 2007; revised June 30, 2008; accepted on July 11, 2008


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