Human Reproduction Update Advance Access originally published online on July 8, 2005
Human Reproduction Update 2005 11(5):527-539; doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi021
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review
1 Academic Unit of Reproductive Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK, 2 Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 3 Department of Health and Medical Services, Obstetric and Gynaecology, Al Wasl Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and 4 London Bridge Fertility, Gynaecology and Genetics Centre, London, UK
5 To whom correspondence should be addressed at:1 St. Thomas Street, London Bridge, SE1 9RY, London, UK. E-mail: marieke{at}verberg.wanadoo.co.uk
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition causing severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy often resulting in hospital admission. The incidence of HG is approximately 0.5% of live births, said to be higher in multiple pregnancies, hydatidiform mole and other conditions associated with increased pregnancy hormone levels. Both the aetiology and pathogenesis of HG remain unknown. We conducted a literature review (1966-now) to summarize the current evidence on the aetiology and pathogenesis of HG. The potential role of pregnancy-related hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and HCG has been widely studied; however, various other hormones such as leptin, placental growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid and adrenal cortical hormones have been implicated in the aetiology of HG. In addition to endocrinological hypotheses, the rationale and evidence considering infectious, immunological, psychological, metabolic and anatomical causes for HG have been analysed here. Many studies suffer from the low number of patients included, the variable definition used for HG and varying assay methodology used in studies of hormone measurement. This review highlights the need for more extensive studies addressing the pathogenesis and aetiology of HG.
Key words: HCG / hyperemesis gravidarum / nausea / pregnancy / vomiting
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Saha, D. Loranger, V. Pricolo, and S. Degli-Esposti Feeding Jejunostomy for the Treatment of Severe Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Series JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, September 1, 2009; 33(5): 529 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.H.F. van Oppenraaij, E. Jauniaux, O.B. Christiansen, J.A. Horcajadas, R.G. Farquharson, N. Exalto, and on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group for Predicting adverse obstetric outcome after early pregnancy events and complications: a review Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2009; 15(4): 409 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. SIGNORILE, M. CAMPIONI, B. VINCENZI, A. D'AVINO, and A. BALDI Rectovaginal Septum Endometriosis: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 62 Cases In Vivo, May 1, 2009; 23(3): 459 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Vikanes, A. M. Grjibovski, S. Vangen, and P. Magnus Length of residence and risk of developing hyperemesis gravidarum among first generation immigrants to Norway Eur J Public Health, October 1, 2008; 18(5): 460 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Haddow, M. R. McClain, G. Lambert-Messerlian, G. E. Palomaki, J. A. Canick, J. Cleary-Goldman, F. D. Malone, T. F. Porter, D. A. Nyberg, P. Bernstein, et al. Variability in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Suppression by Human Chronic Gonadotropin during Early Pregnancy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2008; 93(9): 3341 - 3347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Vikanes, A. M. Grjibovski, S. Vangen, and P. Magnus Variations in prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum by country of birth: A study of 900,074 pregnancies in Norway, 1967--2005 Scand J Public Health, March 1, 2008; 36(2): 135 - 142. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subsection Reports J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8_suppl): s8 - s47. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Abalovich, N. Amino, L. A. Barbour, R. H. Cobin, L. J. De Groot, D. Glinoer, S. J. Mandel, and A. Stagnaro-Green Management of Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8_suppl): s1 - s47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|