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Human Reproduction Update Advance Access published online on August 5, 2004
Human Reproduction Update, doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh037
Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.
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Received February 9, 2004
Accepted July 2, 2004

Review

Androgen insufficiency in women: diagnostic and therapeutic implications

L.M. Rivera-Woll 1*, M. Papalia 1, S.R. Davis 2, H.G. Burger 3

1 The Jean Hailes Foundation Research Unit, 173 Carinish Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168
2 The Jean Hailes Foundation NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168
3 Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: research{at}jeanhailes.org.au.


  Abstract

The proposed key symptoms of the female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS) include reduced libido, diminished well being and lowered mood. The diagnosis of FAIS is made on the basis of these symptoms in the setting of a low serum free testosterone level. However, there is currently no readily available inexpensive assay which reliably measures free testosterone levels in the female range. The diagnosis of FAIS is further complicated by the lack of data demonstrating a minimum serum free testosterone level which, if below this, correlates with the symptoms of FAIS. Despite the complexities involved with defining FAIS, the symptoms have been reported to respond well to testosterone replacement. There is a need for formulations of testosterone therapy specifically designed for use in women, along with clear guidelines regarding optimal therapeutic doses and long-term safety data.

Keywords: androgens; female androgen insufficiency syndrome; testosterone.
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