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Human Reproduction Update Advance Access published online on April 29, 2005
Human Reproduction Update, doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi011
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received February 7, 2005
Revised March 22, 2005
Accepted April 8, 2005

Review

Spermatozoal nuclear determinants of reproductive outcome: implications for ART

Emre Seli 1 and Denny Sakkas 1*

1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Denny Sakkas, E-mail: Denny.Sakkas{at}yale.edu


  Abstract

A male factor is implicated in more than 50% of couples treated with IVF. However, neither the routine testing of male fertility potential nor its treatment address the specific mechanisms by which spermatozoal factors may impact upon reproductive outcome. An important function of spermatozoa is to deliver the paternal genome to the oocyte. Recently, a number of acquired spermatozoal nuclear factors that may have implications on reproductive outcome have been described. These include non-specific DNA strand breaks, numerical abnormalities in spermatozoal chromosome content, Y chromosome microdeletions and alterations in the epigenetic regulation of paternal genome. The exact mechanisms by which these factors affect reproduction are unknown and their implications for assisted reproduction technology outcome need to be further investigated. These recent findings point to the need for novel and more personalized approaches to test and treat male factor infertility.

Keywords: epigenetic regulation; non-specific DNA strand breaks; reproductive outcome; sperm chromosome abnormalities; Y chromosome microdeletions.
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