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Human Reproduction Update Advance Access published online on November 11, 2006
Human Reproduction Update, doi:10.1093/humupd/dml052
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received July 11, 2006
Revised September 29, 2006
Accepted October 10, 2006

Article

Reproduction and fertility in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection

E. van Leeuwen 1 *, J.M. Prins 2, S. Jurriaans 3, K. Boer 4, P. Reiss 2, S. Repping 4, and F. van der Veen 4

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS and Centre for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS and Centre for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E. van Leeuwen, E-mail: e.vanleeuwen{at}amc.uva.nl


  Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) affects mostly men and women in their reproductive years. For those who have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the course of HIV-1 infection has shifted from a lethal to a chronic disease. As a result of this, many patients with HIV-1 consider having offspring, as do other patients of reproductive age with chronic illnesses. This article summarizes the current knowledge on the presence of HIV in the male and female genital tract, the effects of HIV-1 infection and HAART on male and female fertility and the results of various assisted reproduction techniques (ART) in HIV-1-infected men and women who wish to have offspring.

Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus type-1/infertility/swim up/antiretroviral therapy/assisted reproduction techniques.
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