Human Reproduction Update Advance Access published online on February 28, 2007
Human Reproduction Update, doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm004
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Glycosylation related actions of glycodelin: gamete, cumulus cell, immune cell and clinical associations
1 Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, 4th floor, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, 4th floor, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokulfam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 4 Correspondence address. Pihlajatie 20 B 15, 00270 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: mseppala{at}welho.com
Glycodelin is an example of a glycoprotein whose complex-type glycans mediate biological actions in human reproduction and immune reactions. Being attached to an identical protein backbone, glycodelin oligosaccharides vary significantly from one reproductive tissue to another and have an effect on its own secretion and role in cell communication. For instance, uterine glycodelin-A inhibits sperm–oocyte interaction by binding on the sperm head. This is a glycosylation-dependent phenomenon, in which fucosyltransferase-5 plays a key role. Glycodelin-S from seminal plasma binds evenly around the sperm head and maintains an uncapacitated state in the spermatozoa, until the isoform is detached during sperm passage through the cervix. Glycodelin-F from follicular fluid and Fallopian tube binds to the acrosomal region of the sperm head, thereby inhibiting both the sperm–oocyte binding and premature progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. The cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte can capture glycodelin-A and -F from the surrounding environment and convert these isoforms to a cumulus cell isoform, glycodelin-C. It differs by glycosylation from the other isoforms, and it too attaches on the sperm head, with the highest density in the equatorial region. Glycodelin-C is capable of detaching the sperm-bound inhibitory isoforms so that the sperm–oocyte binding is enhanced. Glycodelin-A also has immunosuppressive actions directed to cellular, humoral and innate immunity. Although these actions depend mainly on the protein backbone, glycosylation also plays a part. Glycosylated glycodelin may be involved in the protection of spermatozoa against maternal immune reactions, and glycodelin also has apoptogenic activity. Some glycosylation patterns of glycodelin may mask its apoptogenic domain. This review updates the recent research and clinical associations of glycodelin, highlighting the role of glycosylation.
Key words: cumulus cells / fertilization / immunosuppression
Abbreviations: Asn, asparagineGly, glycineGlu, glutamic acidLeu, leucineLys, lysinePhe, phenylalaninePro, prolineThr, threonineVal, valine.
Received on July 11, 2006; revised October 22, 2006; revised December 21, 2006; accepted on January 8, 2007
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